It’s difficult to define exactly what a vintage saxophone is. Aside from the instrument’s age, collectors and experts agree that there are several other factors to consider. Quality and playability are both important factors. The condition of the horn can influence whether it is considered “vintage.” Another important consideration is the brand’s and model’s history. If the instrument was once played or owned by a notable musician, or was only produced for a brief period of time, it adds monetary value as well as vintage credibility.
There is a significant difference between vintage and simply old, according to woodwind restoration and repair experts. The year an instrument was made does not always imply that it is a vintage horn. There were always plenty of cheap instruments on the market, even during the golden age of sax manufacturing (roughly the 1920s to 1960s). Not every instrument made in the 1920s is particularly good, especially when compared to a Selmer, Conn, or Buescher. A 1920s vintage saxophone — even a cheap knock-off brand — may, however, be far superior to many modern instruments.
Other factors to consider when determining whether or not a saxophone is vintage include: Is it still worth what it was before? Has the value of your property increased? When the horn was made, was it marketed as a top-of-the-line professional model? Is that particular model still on the market? Is it valuable as a collectible, has a famous previous owner, or has a unique history?
The ability to play a vintage saxophone is important, but it isn’t always the deciding factor. Many saxophones prior to the 1950s were high pitch, meaning they were tuned to A=456 rather than the standard A=440. As a result, they are nearly impossible to perform with modern orchestras or ensembles. Horns made prior to 1880 came in a wide range of pitches. Even though they aren’t considered playable by today’s standards, their lack of playability doesn’t make them any less collectible. A beautiful vintage saxophone in good to excellent condition is still worth a lot of money today, even if it can’t be played.
Because there is still a lot of confusion about what constitutes a true vintage saxophone, buyers should do their homework before buying one. It’s not uncommon to see a saxophone advertised as “vintage” only to discover that it’s only a few years old and has no historical significance. Cross-referencing the serial number imprinted on the saxophone is the best way to confirm the date of manufacture. A serial number can be used to look up the horn maker’s original production dates. This is also a good way to learn more about the history of that particular horn.