Plumbers are skilled workers who install, repair, and maintain piping systems and fixtures. Water distribution, sanitary waste removal, and even steam and gas distribution are examples of these systems. Plumbers are also in charge of vent and drainage piping, as well as heating and cooling system piping.
Plumbing jobs are available in a variety of businesses. New plumbing systems are installed by residential plumbing companies in single-family and multi-family homes and apartments. When the system fails to function properly, they are also called in to fix clogged piping or other issues. Those considering a career in residential plumbing should be aware that they may be on call overnight, on weekends, or on holidays.
Plumbers who work in commercial buildings such as schools and hospitals install new piping and fixtures. Some plumbers specialize in sprinkler systems or gas piping, while others focus on general water and sanitary piping. Candidates who are unable to find work in the residential or commercial plumbing fields should look into government or municipal positions. Plumbers are hired by city and state governments to install new water and waste systems, as well as to inspect systems that have been installed by others. Large-scale piping and more complex plumbing systems are common in municipal plumbing projects.
In most parts of the world, becoming a plumber follows a fairly standard path. Applicants begin as apprentices, learning their trade through a combination of classroom and on-the-job training. An apprentice must be supervised by a more experienced plumber at all times. Candidates can become apprentices by enrolling in programs offered by local trade unions or trade schools. Apprenticeships can last anywhere from two to five years, depending on the region.
After completing his apprenticeship, an apprentice can work as a journeyman. A journeyman plumber is capable of working independently as well as supervising and training others. After a certain amount of time in this position, the journeyman can apply for master plumber licensing or certification. This usually necessitates a certain number of years on the job as well as the passing of an exam. A master plumber is capable of performing almost any type of plumbing work as well as obtaining building permits.
Individual states issue plumbing licenses and certifications in the United States. Although the requirements may differ slightly, most licenses are transferable between states in the United States. The Chartered Institute of Plumbing and Heating Engineers is in charge of plumbing licensing in the United Kingdom. In addition, most European countries have their own licensing programs and organizations for plumbers.