An offshore structural engineer creates, improves, or modifies marine-based structures. Energy companies employ many offshore engineers, while construction companies employ others. Engineers use their understanding of mathematics and physics to create structures that can withstand environmental hazards like wind and salt water erosion.
An offshore structural engineer’s work begins in a laboratory or design studio, where the engineer creates models and plans for proposed structures such as oil rigs and gas platforms. Engineers conduct research to learn more about the ocean floor and determine whether the ground can support the weight of a large structure. Engineers also collaborate with geologists to determine the exact location of gas or oil pockets, as well as the pressure levels that will be released when those energy sources are tapped. An offshore structural engineer must design a structure that is suited to the specific environment after gathering environmental data. An engineer might build a series of models to see how well different parts of the structure work, while using mathematical calculations to figure out what kind of forces the finished model will be exposed to.
Throughout the construction process, an offshore structural engineer must be present in case any unexpected issues arise, such as seabed erosion or logistical issues connecting the various parts of the structure. Engineers are frequently required to make design changes during the construction process. Engineers working on oil rigs and gas platforms must supervise the drilling for natural resources once the structure is complete. Drills must be able to reach the energy reserves without damaging the drill head, so the structure must be positioned accordingly. The day-to-day maintenance of drilling equipment usually passes to another engineer once the equipment is fully functional.
Existing marine structures can be damaged by storms, earthquakes, and erosion; in these cases, an offshore structural engineer is tasked with repairing the damage. The engineer must inspect the structure and determine whether it can be restored to its original integrity by replacing parts or adding materials to the interior or exterior. An engineer may come to the conclusion that a structure cannot be saved in some cases.
Engineers are typically people who have completed undergraduate college degrees. People who want to work as offshore structural engineers can enroll in advanced degree programs at some colleges. Energy and construction companies will sometimes hire people who have completed general engineering degree programs and then provide them with on-the-job training to prepare them for offshore work.