Earthworm farms are watertight containers filled with composting worms and garden soil. These farms are used to dispose of organic waste in a way that is beneficial to the environment. Organic matter, such as household table scraps, can be fed to the worms. In return, the worms create nutrient-rich soil that can be recycled for lawn and garden use.
The purpose of earthworm farming is to dispose of organic waste in an efficient and environmentally friendly way. Feeding certain table scraps to the worms can reduce household waste, which saves money and helps reduce landfill overflow. In addition to disposing of organic waste, the worms help create rich and fertile soil. This healthy soil can be recycled for lawns and gardens.
Only certain types of earthworms are appropriate for earthworm farms. Common worms found in lawns and gardens do not grow or compost well in a farm. Eisenia foetida is the species of composting worms that is considered best for use in earthworm farms. The common names for these worms include red wigglers, European nightcrawlers, redworms, brandling worms and tiger worms.
Earthworm farms are not large in size. The worms live in stackable bins where they eat waste and reproduce in soil. An earthworm farm can be small enough to carry and can be made of plastic or wood, as long as the container is watertight. The earthworm farms thrive best in shady or dark areas, far away from heavy vibrations.
Starting an earthworm farm requires a watertight container with holes on top for ventilation. First, the container should be lined with newspaper and organic waste such as crushed eggshells. Moist garden soil and earthworms can then be added. Tending to an earthworm farm is fairly simple, because the earthworms need no encouragement to eat and reproduce.
Although an earthworm farm is considered low maintenance, occasional problems can arise. If the worms begin to die, the farm might be too hot and should be placed in a cooler area. If the worms try to escape, the soil should be moistened. A smelly earthworm farm means that the worms are being fed too often, and there still is residual food that needs to be consumed before new food is added.
Only certain types of organic waste should be fed to the earthworms. The best foods for earthworm farms are bread, eggshells, teabags, coffee grounds, vegetables and paper. Although fruit is also good for earthworm farms, citrus waste should not be used, because it is harmful to the worms. Meat, dairy products, onions and manure also can be harmful to earthworms and should be avoided.