Pearls differ from other gemstones in that they’re not mined from rock, but rather harvested from mollusks — especially oysters, although clams and mussels have been known to produce them as well. Basically, a pearl is produced when an irritant such as sand gets caught inside the oyster. To protect itself, the oyster secretes a substance similar to mucus that builds up around the sand and hardens.
It is a long, tedious practice to find oysters that have ingested a piece of sand to produce a pearl. The longer a pearl stays inside an oyster, the larger it becomes. Because of this, quality ones are considered rare and can be quite expensive. Fortunately for those who favor this gem, there are now farms that deliberately inject an irritant into the mollusks. These are known as cultured pearls.
Natural or South Sea pearls are those made by mollusks harvested from the ocean. Every now and then, one will be a darker shade, either gray or black. These are rare, and as a result, very expensive.
Freshwater pearls are produced by mussels. As their name indicates, these creatures are found in rivers and lakes rather than the ocean. Unlike the oyster, the mussel can produce more than one pearl at a time, sometimes as many as 40 or 50. They come in various shapes and sizes.
When pearls are made without the benefit of a mollusk, they’re considered man-made. These are created by using a bit of sand or shell along with a fish-based product called hermage to act as a substitute for the oyster’s mucus. Other synthetics include the “glass” pearl, a bead painted with hermage and left to dry and harden. These have little or no value.
Pearls are considered classic and elegant. They’re often the first choice for bridal jewelry and have a reputation of looking good with any outfit, even the most casual. They canb also add class and elegance to the most formal wardrobe. Individuals who are considering buying jewelry that includes them should do some research to find the type of pearl best suited for the person’s needs and budget.