Causes of vaginal dryness typically include fluctuations in the level of circulating estrogens in the body. Typically, estrogen production can drop during breast feeding and during the menopausal years. In addition, certain medical conditions such as ovarian failure can cause estrogen decline and subsequent vaginal dryness. Other causes of vaginal dryness may include the use of vaginal douches and common vaginal infections. Frequently, because ovaries produce estrogen, the surgical removal of them may cause vaginal dryness.
Sometimes, causes of vaginal dryness can be attributed to a condition called atrophic vaginitis. This condition is also related to a decrease in estrogen, frequently brought about by menopause. Typically, atrophic vaginitis causes vaginal tissues to thin, lose elasticity, and become dry. Treatment for this condition may include estrogen creams, which can promote the stimulation of vaginal secretions. Sometimes vaginal dryness may cause small tears in the vaginal tissues, which may result in bleeding or spotting.
Generally, if not contraindicated, the physician may recommend the use of hormone replacement therapy. If causes of vaginal dryness are related to menopause, estrogen replacement may be indicated to relieve vaginal dryness. This treatment is available in pill form, as a skin patch, and topically, as a cream. Many times, estrogen replacement therapy is combined with progestin in an attempt to avert the slight, but real risk of uterine cancer. Regular pelvic exams, which include pap smears, should be done when receiving hormone replacement therapy.
Hormone replacement therapy, or HRT, although very effective in treating causes of vaginal dryness, can carry significant risk. Sometimes, HRT can raise the risk of stroke, heart attack, and blood clots. In addition, estrogen may increase the risk of developing breast cancer. Phytoestrogens, which are found in plants such as soy, are natural substances that mimic the effects of estrogen. Some people may find that incorporating soy products into the diet may be effective in treating causes of vaginal dryness.
Commonly, causes of vaginal dryness respond well to simple, over-the-counter lubricants such as Replens® or K-Y® Jelly. These treatments frequently bring quick relief to irritated and dry vaginal tissues, without causing serious side effects. These treatments may be used long-term, because they have an excellent track record of being safe and effective. Patients who experience chronic vaginal dryness should contact a health care provider to make sure dryness is not related to infection. If not treated, vaginal dryness can cause chronically thin tissue, bleeding and pain.