The fields of anthropology, archeology, geography, history, and other disciplines that study human social and cultural behavior are all included in the social sciences. A master’s degree or, more likely, a doctorate is required for most jobs in the social sciences. The majority of social scientists work in colleges, universities, or government agencies, conducting laboratory or field research. The job market is expected to grow slightly faster than average through 2018, but competition for these positions will likely be fierce.
Anthropologists study ancient and modern peoples’ customs, languages, evolution, and human remains. Sociocultural, linguistic, biological, or physical anthropology are the most common specializations among anthropologists. A social anthropologist may research the habits of people who live in developed countries or in very rural, underdeveloped areas. Linguistic anthropologists look into the evolution of language, while biological anthropologists look into how biology and culture interact. Physical anthropologists work in the social sciences, researching ancient civilizations and relics.
Archaeologists investigate past human cultures. Many archeologists work for national governments or as consultants. They may identify and preserve historical sites, work in museums, or supervise research projects and museum collections as administrators. An archeologist might work for the National Park Service in the United States or at archeological digs in far-flung corners of the globe.
Geography is a social science that studies the physical characteristics of the earth as well as its cultural impact. Geographers are typically divided into two categories: physical and cultural geography. Physical geography is concerned with the land’s physical characteristics. They may also research the climate or soil in a specific area. Cultural geographers study how people and civilizations affect the land, how the landscape affects political events or healthcare delivery, and other related topics.
Historians use artifacts such as newspapers, audio or video tapes, and governmental records to research and interpret the past. Some historians specialize in social, intellectual, cultural, diplomatic, military, or political events, while others study a specific region of the country or a specific period in history. Some may work for the government, assisting in the preservation of historic sites, the writing of books, and other forms of research. Others choose to teach history and work in educational institutions.
Through 2018, all of these social science jobs are expected to grow at a faster rate than the national average. They are expected to rise approximately 22% overall. Jobs for anthropologists and archeologists are expected to grow about 28%. Positions in geography and history are expected to grow 26% and 11%, respectively. Even so, there may be stiff competition for these positions.
Bachelor’s degree holders have the fewest opportunities for employment in the social sciences. As a research assistant, market analyst, teacher, or writer, they may be able to find work. Master’s degree holders may be able to find employment in the private sector or with the government. A doctorate is usually required to teach at the university level or to hold high administrative positions.