Orchestra concerts are special occasions, so orchestra attire is rarely worn on a regular basis. In most cases, conservative black clothing is preferred, but the level of formality in the clothing is determined the situation and the director’s preference. Soloists have more freedom in terms of what they wear, but they must still be cautious when it comes to jewelry.
Tuxedos, complete with cummerbund, white shirt, bow tie, and vest, are the traditional, most formal orchestra attire for men. Some organizations distinguish between tuxedo jackets with and without “tails.” A jacket with tails extends down in two sections in the back, covering the wearer’s pant seat. Jackets that don’t have tails are a little less formal. To accommodate the situation and the orchestra director’s preference, men often have two tuxedo jackets, one with tails and one without.
Orchestra attire for women is traditionally a black dress that is at least mid-calf length, with floor-length dresses preferred. There are no low-cut fronts, three-quarter or full sleeves, or ornate beading or design on these dresses. Some directors, on the other hand, allow dress suits consisting of a long black skirt and matching blouse. Dresses or skirts with high slits are frowned upon most directors.
During orchestra concerts, both men and women wear completely black shoes with closed toes. Socks are worn men, while black nylons are worn women. Hard-bottom shoes are generally discouraged directors because they make noise.
“Pit wear” is the second type of orchestra attire. When an orchestra performs in a pit, such as for an opera or musical, members of the orchestra are less visible to the audience. Although directors frequently instruct their pit orchestra members to dress in semi-formal black clothing, jeans are typically not permitted. Instead of a tuxedo or dress, a black button-down shirt with black dress pants would be acceptable under this rule. Because many students do not have the financial means to purchase more formal clothing, this dress code is sometimes adopted for student groups, even if the group performs on stage.
Directors differ on what they consider acceptable for both “on-stage” and pit orchestras, with tradition competing with changing times. Some directors, for example, do not allow their female musicians to wear pants. Many directors agree that any clothing that makes the player appear overweight looks bad on both men and women, and thus encourage proper fitting attire.
Only soloists are required to wear the final type of orchestra attire. Male soloists usually wear a tuxedo with tails, but they may also wear a colorful vest, cummerbund, or tie to set themselves apart from the rest of the orchestra. Women frequently wear full-length gowns of any color, but this varies depending on the soloist. A female cellist, for example, may choose a pant suit because she must play with her instrument between her knees. Soloists may choose to go sleeveless or even strapless if they so desire, but they must still maintain modesty.
There is one rule that applies to all types of orchestra attire: no jewelry or accessories that could distract audience members should be worn. Soloists frequently wear jewelry when they dress up to the nines, but they make sure it isn’t too reflective. Women, for example, may prefer pearls to reflective gemstones. To avoid conflicts and debate about what is acceptable to wear, some orchestras simply do away with jewelry entirely.