Functional ovarian cysts are a common condition for many healthy menstruating women, and they are typically benign. A lot of women, in fact, do not even realize that they have them, because they are often asymptomatic. There are times, though, when the cyst may become so large that its walls weaken, thus causing it to burst. Symptoms of an ovarian cyst rupture may be difficult to identify, because the general pain associated with a non-ruptured cyst can be similar to that of a ruptured one. In other cases, pain in the pelvic area may be sharp and severe, and there may be a feeling of pressure in the lower abdomen; irregular menstrual cycles or uncommon spotting, nausea and vomiting also may be present.
Although ovarian cysts are often present without symptoms, some women find that they create a mild but nagging discomfort — especially before and directly after the menstrual cycle. This is also true for a ruptured growth, although, a burst ovarian cyst may cause a more intense, stinging or stabbing pelvic pain that can extend to the lower back. This pain may become especially noticeable during or after sexual intercourse, while performing daily physical activities or exercise, or during bowel movements or urination. In addition to pain, the lower abdomen may become distended, which can create a feeling of pressure in the area, which is generally tender to the touch.
The symptoms of an ovarian cyst rupture will often interfere with the menstrual cycle, but they can vary widely from person to person. Most women will notice irregularity in their menstrual cycle, which may change the duration of the period or the dates on which it occurs, or their menstrual period may cease altogether. In some cases, the amount of bleeding may significantly increase or decrease.
In addition to pain and an irregular menstrual cycle, other symptoms may include a swelling or tenderness of the breasts, indigestion or gas, diarrhea or constipation, a frequent urge to urinate, loss of appetite, pale skin, weakness, vomiting and dizziness. These symptoms may indicate an infection or internal hemorrhaging. Anyone experiencing these symptoms should be treated by a medical professional as soon as possible.
In many cases, intact ovarian cysts will resolve themselves; however, women who believe that they have a ruptured ovarian cyst should seek medical attention, because the complications can become life-threatening. Depending on the severity of the case, many medical professionals will attempt to stabilize the condition of the patient, and then treat the problem with antibiotics. Should complications occur, surgical intervention may be necessary.