Xanthelasmas, also known as xanthelasma palpebrarum, are small yellowish plaques that develop on the upper and lower eyelids. They are a type of xanthoma, which are fatty deposits that can occur anywhere in the body. Xanthelasmas are most commonly found near the inner corner of the eye, but they can also appear on other areas of the eyelids.
Xanthelasmas usually occur in adults and are more common in women than men. They are often associated with high levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, also known as “bad” cholesterol. However, not all individuals with xanthelasmas have high cholesterol levels, and not all individuals with high cholesterol levels develop xanthelasmas. The exact cause of xanthelasmas is not fully understood, but it is believed to be a result of an abnormal accumulation of fat and cholesterol in the skin.
Xanthelasmas are generally painless and do not cause any significant symptoms apart from their appearance. However, their presence can be distressing for some individuals as they can be aesthetically unpleasing and may impact self-esteem.
Due to the association with high cholesterol levels, individuals with xanthelasmas are often advised to undergo a thorough medical evaluation to determine their lipid profile, including total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and triglyceride levels. Screening for other medical conditions that may be linked to xanthelasmas, such as diabetes and liver disease, may also be recommended.
Treatment options for xanthelasmas vary depending on the individual’s preference, the severity of the plaques, and the presence of any associated medical conditions. In cases where high cholesterol levels are identified, lifestyle modifications, such as adopting a healthy diet, regular exercise, and weight management, may be advised. In some cases, medications may be prescribed to help lower cholesterol levels.
For individuals who wish to remove xanthelasmas for cosmetic reasons, several treatment modalities are available. These include:
1. Surgical Excision:
This involves the physical removal of the xanthelasmas using a scalpel or laser. It is a relatively simple procedure that can be performed under local anesthesia. However, there is a risk of scarring, and the xanthelasmas may recur in some cases.
2. Cryotherapy:
This treatment involves freezing the xanthelasmas with liquid nitrogen, which causes them to blister and eventually fall off. Cryotherapy is a quick procedure and may be a suitable option for smaller xanthelasmas. However, it may require multiple sessions to achieve the desired results.
3. Chemical Peels:
Certain chemicals, such as trichloroacetic acid (TCA), can be applied to the xanthelasmas to remove the top layers of the skin. This stimulates the growth of new skin cells, leading to the gradual fading of the plaques. Chemical peels may require multiple treatments and can cause temporary redness and swelling.
4. Laser Therapy:
Laser treatment involves using targeted beams of light to break down the xanthelasmas. This method is precise and can minimize damage to surrounding tissues. However, multiple sessions may be required, and there is a chance of scarring or pigment changes.
5. Radiofrequency:
Radiofrequency treatment uses electrical energy to heat the xanthelasmas and destroy them. It is a non-invasive procedure that can be performed in a clinic setting. Radiofrequency treatment may require multiple sessions and can cause temporary swelling and redness.
It is important to note that while these treatment options can effectively remove xanthelasmas, there is a chance of recurrence. As xanthelasmas are often associated with underlying medical conditions, such as high cholesterol levels, it is crucial to address these underlying causes to prevent the formation of new xanthelasmas.
Xanthelasmas are yellowish plaques that appear on the eyelids and are associated with high cholesterol levels in some cases. While they are generally harmless, individuals may opt for treatment options to remove them for cosmetic reasons. These options include surgical excision, cryotherapy, chemical peels, laser therapy, and radiofrequency treatment. However, it is important to address any underlying medical conditions to prevent the recurrence of xanthelasmas. Consulting with a healthcare professional is advised to determine the most suitable treatment approach based on individual circumstances.