Botany, zoology, environmental science, microbiology, ecology, and many other disciplines that deal with nature and the living world fall under the umbrella of biological science. A biological scientist typically focuses on one area of study, conducting extensive research to learn more about cells and organisms, develop medicines and vaccines, promote public health policies, or protect the environment. Professionals with advanced degrees typically work in private research laboratories, universities, biotechnology companies, government agencies, hospitals, or nonprofit environmental organizations.
In order to discover the properties of nature and organisms, a biological scientist may conduct laboratory research, clinical studies, field investigations, or all three. Microorganisms and samples of living tissue are typically analyzed by laboratory scientists using highly specialized equipment. Professionals try to figure out how cells work in order to advance scientific knowledge and develop new products and medicines. Many experts work in genetic research, studying DNA and intracellular structures to better understand how cells reproduce, combine, and use proteins to form living creatures.
To understand the physical properties and behaviors of large organisms, clinical studies involving plants, animals, and humans are required. A biological scientist might want to look into the physiological effects of an experimental medicine or figure out why some people develop neurological problems. He or she usually collaborates with a group of other researchers to create tests, analyze results, and write scientific papers about the findings.
A scientist conducting field research could spend hours, days, or even weeks investigating a location and collecting samples for laboratory analysis. Many field scientists work for government agencies and environmental protection companies, studying ecosystems, determining pollution levels, and developing strategies to help improve conditions. Many professionals give talks about the importance of environmental protection and sustainability, and some scientists get involved in cleanup efforts and public awareness campaigns. A biological scientist is frequently involved in community development and political campaigns in order to provide expert advice on environmental policy.
A bachelor’s degree from an accredited four-year college or university is usually required for those wishing to pursue a career as a biological scientist. Many scientists pursue master’s or doctoral degrees in their fields, particularly those who want to conduct independent research. Most biological scientists work as interns or fellows at a university or private institution after graduation to gain hands-on experience while being supervised by experienced professionals. Individuals who demonstrate promise in the field, conduct important research, and publish significant papers are often given the opportunity to become lead researchers, designing and implementing their own projects.