A marine geologist is a scientist who researches the various natural processes that take place on the ocean floor and on beaches. He or she might conduct a seabed survey, collect sediment and rock samples, and analyze their age and composition in a lab. Scientists usually focus on one or more subfields of marine geology, such as sedimentology, mineralogy, or geochemistry, among others. As an explorer, a marine geologist may work for a university, a private research institute, an environmental organization, or an oil or gas company.
To learn more about the oceans and the earth, most marine geologists conduct field, computer, and laboratory research. A scientist might investigate a location in order to collect mineral samples or conduct a survey of the ocean floor. He or she frequently employs computer technology, such as global positioning system (GPS) devices, to aid in the mapping and analysis of a given area. A marine geologist might use a laboratory to try to figure out the chemical composition of a sample, the presence of pollutants, or the age of various rocks. Geologists frequently publish scientific papers detailing their research and findings.
Marine geology encompasses a wide range of disciplines. Plate tectonics, volcanic activity, ocean floor spreading, and weatherization are some of the processes that scientists might study. Experts may also focus on specific sediments, rocks, or minerals, tracking their movement, prevalence, and changes over time. Geochemists study the chemical properties of various rocks and sediments, whereas marine paleontologists study the fossils and remains of various plants and animals.
Work for scientists can be found in a variety of settings. A marine geologist might work for the government, surveying and describing ocean floors, or for a non-profit, promoting conservation, cleanup, and education efforts. Other geologists collaborate with universities, private institutions, and laboratories to better understand specific ocean phenomena. Petroleum companies frequently hire marine geologists to search for new oil and natural gas deposits on the ocean floor.
A master’s degree from an accredited university is typically required to work as a marine geologist. A PhD is required for some marine geologist jobs, such as professorships and lead research positions. After completing their degree programs, many new scientists seek fellowship positions to assist established geologists and gain experience in the field. Before conducting surveys and research, an employee of a government agency or a petroleum company may be required to pass a written licensing exam administered his or her state or country.