In broad terms, an astrobiologist searches the universe for life. Her research and studies could include looking into environments that could have been a previous, current, or future home for life, especially on planets other than Earth. She could research the evolution of life in the hopes of learning how life began in other parts of the solar system or beyond. Other planets, stars, comets, and other astronomical bodies could all be explored.
An astrobiologist’s job entails a great deal of research. This could entail creating models and simulations. She may also be encouraged to contribute to the work of other researchers or to create her own independent projects. She might also invent astrobiological equipment, such as new microscopes, telescopes, or other tools, that can be used on Earth or on missions to space. These devices could be used to detect past life or look for signs that life is starting to develop.
While research takes up a lot of time, communication is also crucial. As a result, an astrobiologist may be required to present information about her research or a specific project at conferences or meetings, as well as write reports and publications. Typically, peers or researchers from other institutes or organizations read or attend these communications and events.
An example may be useful in better understanding what an astrobiologist does. An astrobiologist might wonder if oxygen exists on a planet that is completely devoid of plant life. She may be able to propose an answer to this question after conducting extensive research on Earth and in space over a long period of time. She could then use her research as a springboard for speaking engagements at conferences and publishing her research and findings.
The road to becoming an astrobiologist is not easy. A bachelor’s degree in astronomy, biology, chemistry, physics, or engineering is required at the very least. An astrobiologist, on the other hand, typically requires a master’s degree as well as a doctorate. Many employers, in fact, demand that astrobiologists hold a PhD in chemistry, engineering, physics, astronomy, or a related field of science. National laboratories, universities, astronomical organizations, and national or private institutes are the most common places for an astrobiologist to work.