Conservation biology is a sub-discipline of biology that focuses on studying ecosystems on Earth in order to protect plant and animal species from extinction. As evidence of mass extinctions became more widespread in the late twentieth century, some scientists decided to focus their efforts on gathering accurate data on extinctions and using that information to repopulate or save endangered species. In addition to assisting in the fight to save species from extinction, some conservation biologists are working to ensure that the Earth continues to be a viable habitat for humanity preserving biodiversity.
A conservation biologist is someone who has studied ecology, biology, zoology, or natural history. Although some universities offer biology programs with a focus on conservation studies, the title of “conservation biologist” is rarely earned through a formal education. Typically, the term refers to a scientist who is interested in applying data and study results to modern conservation efforts. To better prepare for the professional world, a conservation biologist may choose to pursue studies in both conservation and environmental science.
A scientist can contribute to conservation efforts in a number of ways. Scientific teams count and estimate population numbers during surveys, using visual data and even mathematical formulas to get a precise estimate of species numbers. Behavioral biologists study a species’s common patterns of behavior, such as predator-prey relationships and a species’ reliance on its environment. Scientists can see how a species changes over time collecting behavioral and population data for several years or decades. This information is crucial for determining a population’s health and determining what factors are affecting its ability to survive on the planet.
Many conservation biologists are active members of political and scientific organizations that help world leaders make environmental policy. Scientists can find vital data that links endangerment and extinction to certain human-controlled activities, such as deforestation, land and sea pollution, and unregulated poaching, participating in studies and experiments. A conservation biologist may also publish material that informs citizens and political leaders about the impacts of human activity on other species, as well as the importance of biodiversity to human survival.
Many conservation scientists want to ensure that a healthy planet brimming with biodiversity has a secure future. Many argue that maintaining the health of the Earth’s plant and animal life also allows for the continued existence of humans, despite critics dismissing the field as an overly emotional ground for activists. A conservation biologist may be protecting the planet’s future studying the diversity and interactions of species ranging from honey bees to blue whales.