A cricopharyngeal spasm, also known as a “globus hystericus” or “globus pharyngeus,” refers to an abnormal contraction of the cricopharyngeal muscle. This particular muscle is located in the upper part of the esophagus, near the entrance to the throat. When this muscle contracts inappropriately, it can cause a sensation of a lump or a tightness in the throat, leading to difficulty in swallowing or a feeling that something is stuck.
Cricopharyngeal spasms are relatively common and can affect individuals of all ages, although they are more commonly observed in middle-aged adults. The exact cause of these spasms is not yet fully understood, but it is believed to be multifactorial, involving a combination of physical and psychological factors.
While the underlying cause of cricopharyngeal spasms is not well-defined, some potential triggers and risk factors have been identified. These include anxiety, stress, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), esophageal strictures, allergies, smoking, and even certain medications. It is important to note that cricopharyngeal spasms can occur without any identifiable cause as well.
The symptoms of cricopharyngeal spasms can vary in severity and duration. Individuals with this condition typically experience a persistent sensation of a lump or tightness in the throat, often described as having a “choking” or “suffocating” feeling. This feeling may worsen during stressful situations or when swallowing solid foods, resulting in discomfort and anxiety. In some cases, episodes of dysphagia or difficulty swallowing may occur, leading to unintentional weight loss or malnutrition if left untreated.
Diagnosing cricopharyngeal spasms can be challenging as there is no definitive test or imaging study available for its confirmation. Instead, healthcare professionals rely on the patient’s medical history, symptom presentation, and physical examination. Additionally, other possible causes of dysphagia or throat discomfort, such as structural abnormalities or esophageal motility disorders, must be ruled out before making a diagnosis of cricopharyngeal spasm.
Once a diagnosis of cricopharyngeal spasm is established, the treatment approach may vary depending on the underlying cause and the severity of symptoms. In milder cases, simple lifestyle modifications may help alleviate symptoms. These can include stress management techniques like relaxation exercises or counseling, dietary changes such as avoiding trigger foods or eating smaller, more frequent meals, and avoiding smoking or alcohol consumption.
If conservative measures fail to provide relief, medical interventions may be considered. One such option is the use of muscle relaxants or antispasmodic medications to help alleviate the abnormal contractions of the cricopharyngeal muscle. Physical therapies, such as swallowing exercises and speech therapy, may also be beneficial in improving swallowing function and reducing muscle tension.
In more severe cases, where symptoms significantly impact the individual’s quality of life, surgical interventions may be explored. One common surgical procedure is cricopharyngeal myotomy, which involves cutting or stretching the cricopharyngeal muscle to relieve the tightness and improve swallowing. This procedure is typically performed endoscopically, minimizing trauma and recovery time.
A cricopharyngeal spasm is an abnormal contraction of the cricopharyngeal muscle, causing a sensation of a lump or tightness in the throat. While the exact cause is not fully understood, it is believed to involve a combination of physical and psychological factors. Diagnosis can be challenging, relying on medical history, symptom presentation, and exclusion of other causes. Treatment options range from lifestyle modifications and medication to physical therapies and surgical interventions, depending on the severity and impact of symptoms. If you are experiencing persistent throat discomfort or difficulty swallowing, it is essential to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the underlying cause and develop an appropriate treatment plan.