A sebaceous cyst, also known as an epidermoid cyst, is a non-cancerous growth that develops beneath the skin. It occurs when the sebaceous gland, responsible for producing sebum to lubricate the hair and skin, becomes blocked or damaged, leading to the accumulation of sebum and dead skin cells. The cyst may vary in size, ranging from a tiny pea-sized lump to a larger, more noticeable bump. Although sebaceous cysts are generally harmless, they can sometimes cause discomfort or become infected, requiring medical attention.
The formation of a sebaceous cyst begins when the sebaceous gland, which is attached to a hair follicle, becomes blocked. This blockage can occur due to various factors, such as hormonal imbalances, excessive production of sebum, or damage to the hair follicle. As sebum continues to be produced the gland, it accumulates within a sac formed the blocked hair follicle, resulting in the formation of a cyst.
Sebaceous cysts typically appear on the face, neck, scalp, and back, where the sebaceous glands are more active. However, they can also develop in other areas of the body. The size of a sebaceous cyst can vary, but they are usually small, round or oval-shaped lumps that feel smooth and firm to the touch. In some cases, the cyst may grow larger and become more noticeable.
Most sebaceous cysts do not cause any symptoms and are not painful. They are usually harmless and can be left untreated if they are not bothersome. However, if a cyst becomes infected or inflamed, it can cause pain, redness, tenderness, and swelling in the affected area. Infected cysts may also develop a white or yellowish discharge and can be accompanied fever and an overall feeling of illness.
To diagnose a sebaceous cyst, a healthcare professional will perform a physical examination of the affected area. In some cases, they may use additional tests, such as an ultrasound or biopsy, to confirm the diagnosis and rule out any underlying conditions. It is important to differentiate a sebaceous cyst from other skin conditions, such as lipomas (benign fatty tumors) or abscesses (localized bacterial infections).
Treatment of sebaceous cysts is usually not required unless they are causing discomfort, becoming infected, or affecting your appearance. If a cyst becomes infected, medical intervention is necessary to prevent complications such as abscess formation or the spread of infection. In such cases, the medical professional may recommend the following treatments:
1. Incision and drainage:
The cyst is numbed with a local anesthetic, and a small incision is made in the skin to drain the contents of the cyst. This procedure is typically performed in a healthcare setting.
2. Excision:
The cyst is surgically removed along with the surrounding sac or tissue to ensure complete removal. This method prevents the cyst from recurring.
3. Antibiotics:
In case of an infected cyst, oral or topical antibiotics may be prescribed to eliminate the infection. This treatment is often used in combination with other interventions.
After the treatment, it is crucial to keep the area clean and follow any post-operative care instructions provided the healthcare professional. This may involve regular dressing changes, avoiding excessive pressure or trauma to the area, and keeping the wound clean and dry to promote proper healing.
While sebaceous cysts are mostly harmless, there are certain complications that can arise if left untreated or if an infection occurs. These include:
1. Abscess formation:
An infected cyst may develop into an abscess, which is a localized collection of pus. Abscesses can be painful, tender, and filled with bacteria, requiring medical attention for proper drainage and treatment.
2. Rupture:
If the cyst ruptures, the contents can spill into the surrounding tissue, causing inflammation and potentially leading to an infection.
3. Recurrence:
In some cases, sebaceous cysts may reoccur even after treatment. This usually happens when the entire sac or cyst wall is not completely removed during a surgical procedure.
4. Scarring:
Depending on the size and location of the cyst, scarring may occur after treatment. The extent of scarring varies from person to person.
Prevention of sebaceous cysts is challenging since the exact cause is not always clear. However, maintaining good skin hygiene, avoiding excessive oil or dirt buildup, and not picking or squeezing existing cysts can help minimize the risk of developing new cysts or worsening existing ones.
To conclude, a sebaceous cyst is a benign growth that occurs when a sebaceous gland becomes blocked or damaged, leading to the accumulation of sebum and dead skin cells beneath the skin. While most sebaceous cysts are harmless and do not require treatment, medical attention may be necessary if the cyst becomes infected or causes discomfort. Treatment options include incision and drainage, excision, and antibiotics. It is important to follow proper wound care instructions to prevent complications. If you suspect you have a sebaceous cyst or have concerns about a skin abnormality, it is advised to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate management.