An external locus of control refers to a psychological concept that describes an individual’s belief about the extent to which they have control over their own lives and the outcomes of their actions. People with an external locus of control believe that external forces, such as luck, fate, or other people, have a significant influence on what happens to them, rather than attributing outcomes to their own abilities or efforts.
This concept was first introduced psychologist Julian B. Rotter in the 1950s as part of his social learning theory. Rotter proposed that individuals have either an internal locus of control or an external locus of control, and these beliefs can greatly impact their behavior, motivation, and overall outlook on life.
Those with an external locus of control tend to view themselves as helpless victims of circumstance, where their actions are seen as inconsequential in determining their own fate. They often feel that they lack control over their own lives and face difficulties adapting to change or taking initiative. This perspective can lead to feelings of powerlessness, frustration, and decreased motivation.
Conversely, individuals with an internal locus of control believe that they have control over their own actions and the outcomes that result from them. They feel empowered to shape their own lives and are more likely to take responsibility for their choices and actions. This perspective can promote resilience, self-confidence, and a proactive approach to problem-solving.
It is important to note that the locus of control exists on a spectrum, and individuals may exhibit varying degrees of internal and external beliefs depending on the situation or area of their lives. Some may have an internal locus of control in regards to career choices but an external locus of control when it comes to personal relationships, for example.
Several factors can contribute to the development of an external locus of control. One influential factor is early life experiences. Individuals who were raised in environments where they had limited control over their own lives, where decisions were made for them, or where they faced uncontrollable and unpredictable situations, may be more likely to develop an external locus of control.
Culture and societal influences can also play a role. Some cultures emphasize the importance of personal responsibility and agency, promoting an internal locus of control. In contrast, other cultures may emphasize fate, luck, or the influence of external forces, which can contribute to the development of an external locus of control.
Personality traits can also influence one’s locus of control. For example, those with a higher level of neuroticism or anxiety tend to have a more external locus of control, as they may be more likely to attribute negative outcomes to external factors rather than taking personal responsibility.
External locus of control beliefs can have significant implications for individuals’ well-being, motivation, and overall success. Research has shown that those with an internal locus of control tend to have better psychological well-being, experience less stress, and have higher levels of job satisfaction. They are also more likely to engage in health-promoting behaviors, such as exercise and adherence to medical treatments.
On the other hand, individuals with an external locus of control are more at risk for developing learned helplessness, which is a state of passivity and resignation when faced with negative situations. They may be less likely to seek help, take action, or persist in the face of challenges, as they believe that external forces are primarily responsible for their outcomes.
Nevertheless, it is important to recognize that having an external locus of control is not inherently negative or dysfunctional. In some instances, acknowledging the influence of external factors can be realistic and adaptive. It can help individuals cope with situations that are outside of their control and maintain a sense of perspective.
However, fostering an internal locus of control can be beneficial in many aspects of life. Individuals can develop a stronger sense of agency and personal responsibility, which can lead to increased motivation, goal achievement, and overall well-being. It is important to note that promoting an internal locus of control should not discount the influence of external factors, as they can certainly impact outcomes, but rather encourage individuals to take an active role in shaping their lives.
An external locus of control refers to a belief that external forces have a significant influence on one’s life and outcomes, while an internal locus of control entails believing in personal agency and responsibility. This concept has implications for individuals’ behavior, motivation, and overall well-being. Understanding one’s locus of control can help individuals become aware of their beliefs and take steps towards fostering a sense of agency and personal responsibility in order to enhance their quality of life.