Medieval music was composed and performed during the Middle Ages, which are generally thought to begin with the fall of the Roman Empire in the late fifth century. This type of music makes use of instruments that were available at the time. Medieval music makes extensive use of a variety of unique instruments, such as the gittern, that have largely fallen out of use in modern times. Lyrics were introduced into the music, which became a method of storytelling and honoring heroes, drawing inspiration from a variety of sources, including Greek mythology. Medieval music was also closely linked to religious practices and institutions.
The Middle Ages laid the groundwork for future generations’ musical and artistic achievements. The historical events and beliefs of the time, such as martial conquests, religion, and societal practices, influenced medieval music. Many of the first instruments used in medieval music are still used today, in some form or another, and are considered important markers of progress in music and culture.
One of the first musical instruments to define medieval music was the flute. The pan flute is thought to be its forerunner. The pan flute, unlike the medieval flute, has a set of wooden pipes of varying lengths, allowing it to produce a wide range of tones. A standard flute is usually made of metal nowadays, but wood was almost exclusively used during the medieval period. Many stringed instruments date back to the 14th century, when the technology needed to manufacture metal strings was developed. The mandore and gittern were two of the instruments that became popular in Europe, and the bowed lyre became associated with the early Byzantine Empire’s music and culture.
Medieval music praised chivalry and heroism in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries. Lyrics became linked to instrumental music, making music and poetry no longer separate arts. Many of the lyrics were influenced Greek mythology.
The church was one place where medieval society brought together culture, music, and religion during the Middle Ages. Polyphony, or the technique of combining two or more separate voices in music, was unique to this period. It was popular in the church and was instrumental in the development of many musical techniques.