Poi is a traditional performance art that originated in the indigenous culture of the Maori people of New Zealand. It involves the rhythmic swinging and manipulation of weighted objects on strings, typically referred to as “poi balls.
” The word “poi” literally translates to “ball” in the Maori language.
Poi as an art form has evolved over the centuries, moving from its ancestral roots as a training exercise for warriors to a captivating and mesmerizing performance style that has gained international recognition. Today, poi is enjoyed as both a recreational activity and a professional form of entertainment.
The history of poi can be traced back to the practices of Māori ancestors who used traditional tools and materials. Before the introduction of poi balls, Māori often used objects like stones, shells, or even root vegetables as weights attached to flax cords. These early forms of poi were used for functional purposes such as training strength, coordination, and endurance.
Over time, poi developed into a significant part of Māori culture and storytelling. It became an integral element of dance, rituals, ceremonies, and celebrations. The swinging and twirling motions of poi were not only visually captivating but also served as a means of communication and self-expression.
Poi became an essential part of Maori identity, with distinct styles and techniques developed different tribes or iwi. These variations in style could be attributed to factors such as regional influences, the purpose of performance, and personal creativity. The movement of poi balls was often synchronized with chants, songs, and dance steps, creating a cohesive and immersive performance.
The introduction of European contact in the 18th century brought a significant shift in the practice of poi. Missionaries discouraged cultural practices like poi, viewing them as pagan rituals. Additionally, the colonization process led to the suppression of Maori traditions, causing a decline in the popularity of poi.
However, the mid-20th century witnessed a resurgence of interest in Māori culture and the revival of traditional art forms like poi. The revitalization movement aimed to reclaim indigenous identity and promote cultural heritage. Poi, along with other practices such as haka and waiata, became emblematic symbols of Maori cultural renaissance and assertion of cultural pride.
In contemporary times, poi has gained immense popularity beyond the Maori community and New Zealand’s borders. The art form has evolved and diversified, having been adopted and adapted people from different backgrounds across the globe. Poi enthusiasts now include not only Māori but also individuals from diverse cultures who appreciate the beauty and artistry of this performance form.
The performance aspect of poi includes a wide range of styles and techniques. Common techniques involve swinging the poi balls in various directions and patterns, creating visually striking movements. These patterns can include weaves, butterfly, flowers, and many more. Skilled performers often incorporate acrobatics, dance moves, and intricate choreography into their routines to enhance the overall visual spectacle.
The poi balls themselves have undergone significant transformations over time. Traditionally, they were made out of natural materials like harakeke (flax), raupō (bulrush), or tī kōuka (cabbage tree). However, modern poi balls are typically constructed using materials such as fabric, rope, or chains. These materials offer different levels of weight, flexibility, and durability, allowing performers to customize their poi according to their preferences and performance requirements.