Virtual reality and augmented reality use much of the same technology to provide enriched experiences for users. Augmented systems add something to the existing environment to enhance the real world, while virtual systems actually create an entirely new reality. Both have a wide range of applications, from advertising to psychotherapy, and a number of companies have investments in one or both technologies. They are also subjects of research at academic institutions and private organizations.
In the case of virtual reality, the key characteristic is that with the use of a computer system, the user enters an entirely immersive world. Everything around the user is fabricated by the system. This may display inside a blank room, headset, or other device that allows the user to feel present in the virtual environment. Some virtual reality also offers features like feedback in the form of sound or touch to allow the user to interact with objects and spaces. This simulates real-world experiences in an entirely built environment.
In contrast, augmented reality takes place in the real world, with added virtual elements. These can include sounds, sensations, or images generated by a computer system. Haptic feedback which consists of vibrations and other sensations on computer equipment, for example, is a form of augmented reality that enhances the experience for the operator. Likewise, advertising campaigns that involve projections of images into real-world spaces are another type of augmented reality.
There can be a blend between virtual reality and augmented reality. Features like haptic feedback in a virtual video game could be considered augmentations, rather than strict virtual reality. Conversely, people may work in a real-world environment with a simulated construct that closely approaches those seen in virtual reality. Passengers at an air terminal, for instance, might talk to a holographic representation of an airline employee.
The applications for virtual reality and augmented reality are considerable. Both are of interest to the entertainment industry, which constantly seeks new ways to appeal to consumers. Immersive, rich environments provide opportunities for gaming, interactive websites, and other forms of entertainment. In the sciences, such tools can be used for activities like remote surgery, treating patients with post traumatic stress disorder, and simulating natural disasters and other events. Training tools with a virtual reality element can offer a chance for people to experience things that are rare or dangerous in real life to get experience they may find useful in their work.