Physics is a branch of science dedicated to the study of matter, energy, heat, light, subatomic particles, space, and time in terms of their physical properties and processes. Some physicists specialize in theoretical physics, which entails using mathematical models to predict and conceptualize physical phenomena. Others engage in applied physics, which entails making direct observations and conducting experiments in order to explain natural phenomena. Physics has such a broad scope that qualified professionals can pursue a variety of physics careers.
Theoretical physics careers in astronomy and quantum physics are popular among creative and mathematically inclined people. Theoretical physicists deduce the complexities of natural forces using logic and mathematics. On a wide range of theories that cannot be directly tested by experiments, physicists conduct thought experiments and detailed calculations. Research on the big bang theory, string theory, general relativity, and quantum mechanics are examples of such work. The goal of many theoretical physicists is to find an underlying, unified explanation for the universe.
Working in laboratories and conducting practical experiments with light, optics, thermodynamics, electricity, and natural forces are all part of a physics career in applied physics. Physical laws are demonstrated in experimental settings by applied physicists in an attempt to explain or confirm them. To gain a better understanding of quantum physics and the nature of matter, a physicist might conduct a series of tests using highly specialized machinery such as a particle accelerator. Experimental physicists keep meticulous records of their findings and write reports based on them. They frequently collaborate with other physicists, comparing and combining experimental results.
A large number of qualified physicists work for universities or research and development companies. Physicists are frequently hired by research firms to investigate, develop, and improve products. Many technological breakthroughs in computer technology, medical equipment, and laboratory instruments have resulted from the theoretical and practical work of such physicists. Many physicists choose to work as university professors, where they provide classroom instruction and design laboratory courses. Other physics jobs include writing material for textbooks and exams, as well as giving public talks about scientific research.
A doctoral degree from an accredited university is typically required to become a physicist. Degree programs, like physics careers, are highly specialized. Many physicists pursue postdoctoral fellowships after completing their degree programs, where they work in labs alongside experienced physicists. A three-year fellowship may be required before a budding physicist is fully prepared to conduct independent research.