A makeup artist is a makeup artist who specializes in applying makeup. This can include both specialty cosmetics and more common cosmetics, such as theatrical and effects makeup. Makeup artists must be well-versed in a wide range of topics, including color, skin tones, lighting, and, in many cases, how the finished product will appear on film or video. Like the best artists in any field, a highly skilled makeup artist can gain recognition and acclaim. Face painting and hair styling are two separate disciplines from makeup, but they are often lumped together, and makeup artists may have experience in both.
Many women in the Western world learn how to apply makeup when they are in their teens or even younger. Cosmetics, when used correctly, can hide blemishes and accentuate desirable features while remaining undetectable. Most women learn how to apply makeup only to their own faces; a professional makeup artist, whether male or female, works full-time applying makeup to others. Because it frequently involves preparation for elaborate shoots or presentations, the job can require long hours and early mornings. Even the most basic, unobtrusive makeup for weddings, modeling jobs, and fashion design can take hours to apply correctly.
Theatrical makeup is a distinct field that necessitates specialized training. The theatrical makeup artist prepares actors for film, television, and stage appearances. Each medium has its own set of requirements, and makeup artists must be able to meet them all. Makeup that is appropriate for a stage drama, for example, may be too obvious in a film, where actors’ faces are frequently shot in close-up views. High-definition films and television have posed new challenges for makeup artists, as the makeup must be even more subtle.
Effects makeup pushes the boundaries of theatrical makeup. Performers may be aged, disguised, or transformed into a different species entirely. Latex appliances can be used to alter the shape of a face and then blended in with the skin to appear natural. Prosthetics are special devices that can alter the body further, such as turning someone into a robot or a zombie. These traditional makeup effects, known as practical effects or “practicals,” are still popular, even with modern digital technology.
In less common situations, a makeup artist may be required. Professional makeup artists may be employed by large churches with televised services. Morticians learn a variation of the skill in order to prepare bodies for funerals. Other venues that use makeup artists include theme parks, cruise ships, and specialty restaurants. Trade shows and civic centers may have makeup artists on staff or freelancers on call; other venues that use makeup artists include theme parks, cruise ships, and specialty restaurants. Oscars and other entertainment industry awards are given to the best artists in this field.