The smallest part of any digital image is a pixel, which is a dot. Depending on the size and resolution of the images, digital images can be made up of a few pixels or millions. Pixel art, a type of digital art in which each pixel is colored and shaded to build a larger image, was commonly used to create early video and computer game graphics. Pixel artists work in this digital medium, using specialized raster software to work with one pixel at a time.
The majority of 2D pixel artist jobs today are for those who want to design graphics for products like cell phones and other low-resolution devices. Instead of the three-dimensional images that have become more common in video games today, these are two-dimensional images. Pixel artist jobs are also available for those who prefer to work with vector software rather than raster graphics programs. Pixels are used in vector programs as well, but the artwork is created in a different way.
A freelance pixel artist, for example, who creates icons, images, or moving graphics for a game, might use raster software to build the images one pixel at a time. Instead, vector software creates the image using mathematical formulas that represent points, shapes, lines, and angles. In this type of software, a photograph can be used as a reference to create images. Both types of graphic rendering have their advantages and disadvantages, and both can be used to create parts of the same image. A pixel artist who only works with raster software will usually create more primitive designs rather than photorealistic images.
Because pixels are square, many lines will have rough edges and corners if color dithering and anti-aliasing are not used. Smooth curves were uncommon in early video game graphics, so this effect can be seen. To create a smoother look, a pixel artist can use dithering, which is the gradual change of shade in rows of pixels. Anti-aliasing software also accomplishes this by blending color outward to reduce harsh lines and give the image a more natural appearance.
Because most 2D pixel artist jobs involve creating low-resolution graphics, someone who can draw line art might be a good fit for this medium. The majority of these graphics begin as simple computer line drawings. The overall effect is then created by filling in each pixel. Because pixels are used in all forms of digital imaging, a graphic designer who is proficient in pixel art may be able to learn other rendering methods and expand into 3D modeling and other forms of digital image creation.