A radiation physicist ensures that medical devices that use radiation sources are safe and functional. Radiologists work in hospitals, oncology centers, universities, and specialty medical centers that use radiology equipment to diagnose and treat a variety of conditions. A medical radiation physicist visits a facility on a regular basis to check radiation levels, determine whether patients or medical professionals are at risk of exposure, and implement effective safety procedures.
Radiation sources are required for the proper operation of many machines and pieces of equipment in hospitals. Radiation is emitted by testing equipment like X-ray machines and computerized tomography devices, as well as cancer treatment equipment like linear particle accelerators, which can be harmful or fatal if used incorrectly. A trained radiation physicist’s job is to ensure that such equipment is in good working order and that patients, doctors, and others are not overexposed to harmful radiation. An expert monitors emissions with sophisticated testing equipment and advises patients on safe doses.
A radiation physicist may also study and analyze the effects of radiation from medical devices, as well as make policy recommendations on how to improve their efficacy and safety. Physicists are frequently held accountable for ensuring that a hospital follows federal and local regulations regarding radiation exposure, precautions, emergency procedures, and safety equipment. A professional may also lead training courses or seminars for other medical professionals to explain how to operate potentially dangerous devices safely.
Radiation physicists must have at least a bachelor’s degree in medical physics, radiation biology, or a related field, though the requirements vary by location and employer. Most new physicists must work as technicians or assistants to established professionals in the field for up to two years after receiving their degrees, gaining hands-on experience and familiarizing themselves with the practical aspects of the job. In many countries, aspiring radiation physicists must complete a set of practical training hours and pass a written exam to become certified. The American Board of Health Physics offers certification in the United States.
For a practicing medical radiation physicist, continuing education is usually regarded as critical. Professionals attend refresher courses and seminars on a regular basis to ensure that they are up to date on the most recent radiation research and equipment technology. Radiation physicists may be able to advance to supervisory positions within a hospital with continued education, time, and proven skills. Some experienced physicists choose to work in private or university laboratories, where they can conduct their own research on various aspects of radiation and medical treatment.