A histopathologist is a doctor who works in a clinical laboratory and specializes in detecting and analyzing disease in body tissue samples. He or she is critical in confirming patient diagnoses and determining the best treatment options for a variety of ailments. A histopathologist can detect viruses, bacteria, cancer, and other abnormalities at the cellular level using sophisticated laboratory equipment and techniques. The majority of histopathologists work in hospitals and specialty clinics, but some work for private research institutions, pharmaceutical companies, and animal care centers.
Microscopes, chemical dyes, lasers, and scalpels are used histopathologists to examine the components of tissue samples. A histopathologist can identify a disease and advise physicians on the best treatment options with the help of histology technicians and other specialists. He or she may need to review established research literature about a disease to ensure accuracy. The doctor keeps meticulous records of laboratory procedures and submits formal reports detailing his or her findings.
To provide expert analysis of samples, a number of histopathologists specialize in specific types of tissue or diseases. Some professionals specialize in the heart and blood vessels, while others look into issues with the lungs or the brain. A histopathologist may specialize in the diagnosis of cancer, viral infections, or autoimmune disorders, among other things.
Some histopathologists go into veterinary medicine, where they use the same skills they use in hospital laboratories to detect disease in animal tissue. Others work in forensics, performing autopsies to determine the cause of death and assisting in criminal investigations. A histopathologist may also conduct general scientific research at a university or pharmaceutical company to investigate the effects of medications on various diseases in order to aid in the development of better treatment methods.
A person who wishes to pursue a career as a histopathologist must first complete a four-year medical degree from an accredited institution. A new doctor typically begins a three- to four-year residency program at a hospital laboratory after graduation to gain hands-on experience in histology and pathology practice. During a residency, a person attends regular lectures and works alongside experienced pathologists to master the necessary skills.
To begin working independently, a new histopathologist must pass an extensive certification exam after completing residency training. A specialized regional or national governing board, such as the American Board of Pathology in the United States, oversees certification. Certification is required for permanent positions in hospitals and private practices.