Mathematicians solve theoretical problems, evaluate experiments and surveys, and develop practical statistics for use in engineering and business using their advanced knowledge of numbers and science. The majority of experts specialize in either theoretical or applied mathematical research. Mathematicians work in a variety of settings, including research institutions, industries and businesses, government agencies, military branches, and universities, to name a few.
Mathematicians who work in the theoretical and research fields create new equations and formulas, solve long-standing puzzles, and propose theories to explain natural phenomena. Many mathematicians work in research labs at private institutions and universities, analyzing previous research and putting in long hours to find meaningful relationships between numbers and theories. An expert will frequently devote months or even years to proving a theory or developing a new mathematical concept. Theoretical mathematicians frequently present their findings to other experts in the field writing detailed scientific papers about their work. Many professionals choose to teach number theory and research techniques to the next generation of mathematicians as university professors.
Applied mathematicians research and develop new equipment and products, as well as architectural designs and business plans. In industrial or business settings, math and statistics may be used to develop efficient manufacturing systems, marketing strategies, or computer programs. Mathematicians are frequently hired engineering firms to calculate measurements for the safest and most practical designs of various structures, including skyscrapers, tunnels, and bridges. Geological and environmental organizations hire people to analyze trends in volcanic or seismic activity, explain plant and animal behavior, forecast weather patterns, and determine pollution levels in a given area.
In various government agencies and military posts, skilled mathematicians are in high demand. Many experts use their understanding of mathematical principles to improve the precision of weapons and military strategies. Mathematicians with advanced skills may be asked to decode coded messages or break ciphers intercepted enemies. Federal space agencies, such as the National Aeronautics and Space Administration in the United States, hire experts to assist in the design of satellites and spaceships, as well as the determination of appropriate flight paths and trajectories and the analysis of risks associated with space missions.
In order to work as a mathematician, most people need to have a PhD. Intensive classroom training in theoretical or applied mathematics is required to develop the skills necessary for future careers. To prepare for mathematician jobs in government or industry, many doctoral students specialize in a specific mathematical field, such as statistical or economic analysis. Those who want to teach at colleges and universities should take a lot of education and communication classes.