Medical degree programs are available in a variety of formats for those interested in working with patients in the medical field. While the specific requirements for medical degree programs vary greatly country, the majority of medical degrees require at least a year of post-secondary education. Some of the most well-known programs are for doctors and nurses, but degrees and certificates in the medical field are also available for pharmacists, phlebotomists, and various types of therapists.
Doctors are divided into several categories, but in most countries, medical degree programs for future doctors require several years of education and training. Doctors in the United States have two main medical degrees. MD degrees are awarded to students who complete a medical degree program from an accredited medical school that teaches allopathic medicine, whereas DO degrees are awarded to students who complete a medical degree program from an osteopathic medical school. Osteopathic medicine differs from allopathic medicine in that it places a greater emphasis on holistic medicine and the manipulation of the musculoskeletal system as a major treatment component.
Nurses can also choose from a variety of degree programs. In the United States, Licensed Practical Nurses (LPNs) typically complete a certificate or associate degree program. They assist with direct patient care while being supervised a Registered Nurse (RN). RNs typically complete associate or bachelor’s degree programs and are able to participate in more direct patient care activities than LPNs, though the responsibilities allowed for each type of nurse vary state in the United States. Some nurses continue their education to become nurse anesthetists, advanced practice nurses, or nurse practitioners with a master’s degree.
Pharmacists are drug dispensers who are well-versed in chemistry as well as drug reactions and interactions. Pharmacists in the United States earn a doctorate of pharmacy degree, known as a PharmD. While this degree takes less time than medical school, it still requires clinical rotations before they can work independently, similar to the residency program that doctors must complete.
Other common medical degree programs concentrate on training various types of therapists. Patients are helped physical therapists with rehabilitation and pain-relieving techniques. Occupational therapists assist injured or ill patients in regaining basic life skills. Patients are helped with breathing exercises and oxygen treatments respiratory therapists.
Other allied health professionals may also complete medical degree programs in some cases. Phlebotomists are among these professionals, as they are in charge of drawing blood for tests and other procedures. A certificate program is required for most phlebotomists. Medical assistants and emergency medical technicians provide limited patient care and frequently complete certificate programs.