A hydrologist conducts extensive field and laboratory research to learn about the physical properties of the earth’s water systems. He or she might investigate the role of water in an ecosystem, calculate the amount of rainfall in a given area, or test water samples for pollutants. The majority of hydrologists work for universities, private research institutions, government agencies, environmental advocacy groups, and engineering consulting firms.
Hydrologists who work in research spend months or even years on projects that require them to track changes in water systems over time. A scientist might calculate the amount of ground or surface water in a given area, as well as the rate of precipitation and how people, plants, and animals use water. He or she may also collect information on the negative and positive effects of human activity on the marine ecosystem.
To analyze water content and check for pollutants, a hydrologist may take samples directly from lakes, streams, or other water sources. He or she might also collect soil and plant samples from the area to see how water pollution affects living organisms. Hydrologists frequently conduct multiple laboratory tests to confirm their findings before writing detailed scientific papers based on their findings.
Scientists may work for engineering firms, federal and state governments, and nonprofit environmental groups outside of research institutions. Engineers and consultants work to ensure that buildings and industries cause as little damage to nearby water sources as possible. They may be in charge of developing waste management programs that are environmentally friendly or designing efficient, clean water systems for use within a company. Government and non-profit hydrologists are frequently involved in conservation and public awareness efforts, educating people about the dangers of polluting water systems and wasting precious water resources.
A master’s degree in hydrology, environmental science, or a related scientific discipline is usually required to become a hydrologist. Doctoral degrees are held by a large number of government employees, university professors, and individuals who conduct independent research. A hydrologist may choose to take a certifying exam administered by a nationally recognized organization, such as the American Institute of Hydrology in the United States, if additional licensing or certification is not required.
Most new scientists begin their careers as field and laboratory assistants, learning firsthand from experienced hydrologists about practical research techniques. Setting up experiments, entering data, and interpreting results are all tasks that assistants may be tasked with. A hydrologist who has proven his or her competency can begin designing new projects and conducting independent research after a period of time working as an assistant.