A web developer who specializes in HyperText Markup Language (HTML) or eXtensible HyperText Markup Language (XHTML) is known as an HTML programmer (XHTML). In most cases, an HTML programmer will also have a thorough understanding of Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) and some experience with JavaScript. Although different programmers use different tools, most professional HTML programmers use some form of text-editing software, avoiding WYSIWYG software suites in favor of precision hand-coding.
The HTML specification hasn’t changed much since its inception in 1993, but the philosophy and best practices have shifted dramatically. The separation of HTML programming into a structural component and a design component, with HTML handling the content and body structure of a web page and CSS handling the layout and appearance, was perhaps the most significant change. This semantic-based approach to web design has become the most popular, and any new HTML programmer will almost certainly learn to code in this manner.
Although many programmers anticipated a drop in demand for their services as WYSIWYG software became more functional and affordable, demand for programmers has actually increased in recent years. This is most likely because, while more people are building their own sites with software or online toolkits, an increasing number of people are bringing their businesses online and want a professional to build their site from the ground up. Simultaneously, there are far more programmers available today than there were even five years ago, resulting in some stiff competition for clients.
As a result, many people who want to become HTML programmers combine it with other relevant skills. For example, someone interested in learning HTML might also want to learn PHP and SQL so that they can create dynamic websites using databases. Someone else might decide to study graphic design and become proficient with graphic design software in order to provide a complete web design package. Others may learn a proprietary software model, such as Flash, to supplement their HTML site development.
Many larger companies may also hire a team of HTML programmers to make updates and create new sites as needed. These programmers are typically salaried, though they may also be paid a flat per-job rate in addition to a retainer in some cases. However, those considering a career path should keep in mind that, while HTML programmers can earn a good living, they earn less on average than PHP programmers and significantly less than actual software developers.