A trained scientist who studies the physical properties and processes of oceans is known as an oceanographer. He or she could investigate the chemical composition of ocean water samples or physical changes in tides and currents, for example. Mineral and sediment movement can be tracked, seismic and volcanic activity can be analyzed, and ocean floors can be surveyed. An oceanographer can work for a private research institute, a university, a government agency, or an environmental group.
Chemical, physical, or geological oceanography are common specializations for oceanographers. To better understand the chemical structures of water, sediments, and marine plants, chemical oceanographers collect and analyze samples. Scientists may be able to determine how pollution alters the chemical composition of ocean water, as well as the more serious consequences that pollution may have on plants and animals. They may also examine samples from a variety of locations in order to comprehend the movement of various minerals and chemicals over time and space.
A physical oceanographer studies the visible composition of ocean sediments, tides and pressure changes, and the effects of various natural processes. Scientists may study currents and temperature changes to learn more about how and why certain weather patterns develop. Some physical oceanographers use their understanding of plate tectonics and seafloor spreading to forecast earthquakes and tidal activity.
The earth’s ocean floors have remarkably little scientific knowledge. Geological oceanographers are crucial for mapping new seafloors, investigating deep sea vents, and finding new marine life at extreme depths. Geological oceanographers use a variety of indirect mapping techniques and equipment because physically exploring ocean floors is extremely difficult and dangerous. To find ridges, valleys, and other topographical features, they may use global positioning systems, underwater cameras, and depth finders.
Conservation efforts are frequently undertaken by oceanographers who work for government agencies or environmental organizations. Their findings are frequently used to support global climate change theories and to explain the effects of pollution on marine ecosystems. Many conservation oceanographers publish their findings in scientific journals and speak to the public about their findings at public awareness seminars.
To work as an oceanographer, you’ll typically need a master’s degree in oceanography or marine geology. Doctoral degrees are required for most scientists who work for universities and government agencies. Professionals in the field of oceanography must pass written state or national licensing exams that assess their knowledge of laws, regulations, and general research techniques. Before conducting independent research, new oceanographers often work as interns or assistants to established scientists for one to two years, gaining valuable firsthand experience in designing research projects and writing scientific papers.