Astrophysicists study the physical properties of the universe through theoretical and applied research. Scientists use telescopes and satellites to study celestial bodies and compare their observations to physical models and complex mathematical formulas. A person who wishes to pursue a career as an astrophysicist should expect to devote approximately eight years to academic coursework in order to obtain a Ph.D. in the field. A new scientist is also likely to take part in a fellowship to gain hands-on experience and prepare for independent work in the field.
Anyone interested in becoming an astrophysicist should first obtain a bachelor’s degree in mathematics, astronomy, or physics from an accredited four-year university. As an undergraduate, a student can enroll in a variety of lecture courses that explain important physics fundamental laws and theories. Individuals may be able to gain hands-on experience with the tools and techniques required to become an astrophysicist by taking laboratory and planetarium classes.
An undergraduate can gain additional experience by working as a research assistant at a local observatory or at his or her college. As an assistant, a student is frequently given the opportunity to participate in actual research with renowned scientists and professors. He or she will be able to learn about data entry and study design, as well as assist in the publication of scholarly articles.
An individual can apply to astronomy or astrophysics Ph.D. programs near the end of a bachelor’s degree program. Admission to four-year doctoral programs can be fiercely competitive, and schools favor students with the best grades, entrance exam scores, letters of recommendation, and research experience. After being accepted into a program, aspiring astrophysicists usually meet with department advisers to find a professor who will serve as a mentor and assist them in obtaining a degree. The second half of a student’s program is usually spent conducting independent research under the guidance and supervision of a mentoring professor. To earn their degrees, most schools require students to submit detailed dissertations based on their research.
A person can apply for a postdoctoral fellowship program at a university, observatory, or private research institution after graduation. A fellowship program can last anywhere from two to four years and allows a new scientist to hone his or her research skills while working alongside experienced researchers. A person can become an astrophysicist and pursue a career in applied or theoretical work after completing a fellowship.
As with other sciences, astrophysics is constantly evolving as new technology and ideas enable researchers to become more precise in their findings. A person who is able to pursue a career as an astrophysicist can expect to regularly attend seminars and lectures. Astrophysicists typically have rewarding, lifelong careers by staying up to date on the latest advances in the field and remaining passionate about their work.